Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person’s connection to the people and marketplace that surround them. A biological principle known as co-evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in co-evolution-type relationships. Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, and relate to their environment. When businesses fail, it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations. Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations both internally and externally.
笼统来说,动词要变位,名词、代词、形容词也要变形(比如 I 宾格 变 me )的现象称为“屈折”(inflection,“向内弯折”),这样的语言称为“屈折语”。不需要这些变形,单纯根据单词在句子里的位置来判断语法作用的语言称为“分析语”,英语有过一个从屈折语到分析语的过渡,给动词加 s 就是屈折语的残留痕迹。
古英语是完全屈折的,也就是说,所有动词都有对应各主语、时态的不同形式,详情可以参见 [2],此时的英语语序并不重要,因为动词变位通常会说明动词的发起者是谁。那时候的第三人称单数动词改变的不仅仅是词尾加个字母这么简单,还有词干尤其是元音的写法也可能改变。可以简单理解为那时第三人称单数的词尾会有 t 或 th 的音素,第二人称则是 st ,第一人称是 e ,类比现代英语上就是类似于说 I walke – you walkest – he / she / it walkt 。然后配合复数和语态时态还有另一大堆呢,不提。
中古英语到早期现代英语的转变主要是语音上的,也就是伦敦地区方言向全国推广的过程,语法上并无太多变化。到莎士比亚的时代,英语已经非常简单,变位基本只剩下两个,-th 和 -s,前者是第二人称单数,后者是第三人称单数。最后,早期现代英语吸收了一大批新词,成为现代英语,变位也终于只剩一个,就是第三人称单数,加个 s 。
This year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission, with Yang Liwei becoming the first Chinese astronaut to go to space. Since then, another 17 astronauts have reached for the stars. The selection of the fourth generation of astronauts began in 2022 and is now in full swing. Experts revealed how tough (困难的) the training is before astronauts can soar (高飞) to space.
The human body is not designed for space life. Astronauts are confronted (面对) with multiple challenges on a space mission. The changes in gravity can have an impact on their bodies. The sensation of isolation and confinement (封闭) living in a small spacecraft for months can impair (损害) their mental health. Emergencies during missions challenge their knowledge and ability to solve problems under huge pressure. So it’s no wonder that astronauts have to meet extremely high standards and go through a tough training program.
To make sure that Chinese astronauts complete their missions and return to Earth safely, “Eight types, including over 200 subjects of training, were set,” Huang Weifen, chief designer of the astronaut system for China’s manned space project, told CCTV News. Apart from physical fitness training, it also encompasses (包含) basic scientific theories, psychological health, and mock (模拟) missions.
Among the training subjects, the most tiring one is underwater training. This training is designed for astronauts to adapt to the microgravity environment in space. According to Huang, astronauts stay underwater in suits weighing over 100 kilograms for six hours at a time. Water resistance (阻力) and the heavy suit make every move exhausting. “Nie Haisheng (one of the astronauts) once reported a two-kilogram loss in weight after one underwater training exercise,” said Huang.